shell:date 常用方式

在linux下获取时间字符串
命令 date
# 以yyyymmdd格式输出23天之前现在这个时刻的时间
$ date +%Y%m%d --date='23 days ago'

$ date -u
Thu Sep 28 09:32:04 UTC 2006

$ date -R
Thu, 28 Sep 2006 17:32:28 +0800

# 测试十亿分之一秒
$ date +'%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S.%N';date +'%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S.%N';date +'%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S.%N';date +'%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S.%N'
20060928 17:44:20.906805000
20060928 17:44:20.909188000
20060928 17:44:20.911535000
20060928 17:44:20.913886000


date 参考
$ date --help
Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.

-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
# such as 'n days ago |1 month ago|n years ago'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
-ITIMESPEC, --iso-8601[=TIMESPEC] output date/time in ISO 8601 format.
TIMESPEC=`date' for date only,
`hours', `minutes', or `seconds' for date and
time to the indicated precision.
--iso-8601 without TIMESPEC defaults to `date'.
-r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 output RFC-2822 compliant date string
-s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING
-u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit

FORMAT controls the output. The only valid option for the second form
specifies Coordinated Universal Time. Interpreted sequences are:

%% 输出%符号 a literal %
%a 当前域的星期缩写 locale's abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)
%A 当前域的星期全写 locale's full weekday name, variable length (Sunday..Saturday)
%b 当前域的月份缩写 locale's abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)
%B 当前域的月份全称 locale's full month name, variable length (January..December)
%c 当前域的默认时间格式 locale's date and time (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1989)
%C n百年 century (year divided by 100 and truncated to an integer) [00-99]
%d 两位的天 day of month (01..31)
%D 短时间格式 date (mm/dd/yy)
%e 短格式天 day of month, blank padded ( 1..31)
%F 文件时间格式 same as %Y-%m-%d
%g the 2-digit year corresponding to the %V week number
%G the 4-digit year corresponding to the %V week number
%h same as %b
%H 24小时制的小时 hour (00..23)
%I 12小时制的小时 hour (01..12)
%j 一年中的第几天 day of year (001..366)
%k 短格式24小时制的小时 hour ( 0..23)
%l 短格式12小时制的小时 hour ( 1..12)
%m 双位月份 month (01..12)
%M 双位分钟 minute (00..59)
%n 换行 a newline
%N 十亿分之一秒 nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p 大写的当前域的上下午指示 locale's upper case AM or PM indicator (blank in many locales)
%P 小写的当前域的上下午指示 locale's lower case am or pm indicator (blank in many locales)
%r 12小时制的时间表示（时:分:秒,双位） time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
%R 24小时制的时间表示 （时:分,双位）time, 24-hour (hh:mm)
%s 自基础时间 1970-01-01 00:00:00 到当前时刻的秒数 seconds since `00:00:00 1970-01-01 UTC' (a GNU extension)
%S 双位秒 second (00..60); the 60 is necessary to accommodate a leap second
%t 横向制表位(tab) a horizontal tab
%T 24小时制时间表示 time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)
%u 数字表示的星期（从星期一开始 1-7）day of week (1..7); 1 represents Monday
%U 一年中的第几周星期天为开始 week number of year with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V 一年中的第几周星期一为开始 week number of year with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w 一周中的第几天 星期天为开始 0-6 day of week (0..6); 0 represents Sunday
%W 一年中的第几周星期一为开始 week number of year with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%x 本地日期格式 locale's date representation (mm/dd/yy)
%X 本地时间格式 locale's time representation (%H:%M:%S)
%y 两位的年 last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y 年 year (1970...)
%z RFC-2822 标准时间格式表示的域 RFC-2822 style numeric timezone (-0500) (a nonstandard extension)
%Z 时间域 time zone (e.g., EDT), or nothing if no time zone is determinable

By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes. GNU date recognizes
the following modifiers between `%' and a numeric directive.

`-' (hyphen) do not pad the field
`_' (underscore) pad the field with spaces

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